The joke was brought to mind as Australia Day approaches. Are there such things as national characteristics? Or is such talk dangerous stereotyping at worst or harmless, illogical twaddle at best?

The danger of stereotyping is the unfairness of assuming that all members of a group have a bad characteristic based on the experience of a few members of that group.

As far as formal logic goes it is illogical. The statement "Many Australians I have met are lazy, so all Australians are lazy" is not logical.

So when you apply formal logical categories of all, none and some, the idea of national characteristics is illogical.

But when you apply informal logic – likelihoods and probabilities – the idea of national characteristics makes a lot of sense. It can help us know ourselves better and improve ourselves. It can also explain why national character changes over time.

The case of British cuisine is apposite. Before the mid-1990s, British pub food comprised mostly inedible bangers and mash. Then along came Jamie Oliver, Nigella Lawson and air freight and now Britain has splendid cuisine.

In the 1970s the co-operative Japanese workforce created an economic miracle while Australia was strike-prone and recession ridden. Not so now.

The tall outdoor Aussie of the early 20^th century is now a shorter city dweller.

Characteristics like hard-working, strike-prone, productive, efficient, well-nourished, criminal, god-fearing and over-weight, for example, are fairly easily measured using statistical sampling.

Computers have helped, indeed enabled, such measurements. Even more ephemeral things like the "fair go" can be measured to some extent with statistics on access to justice, inequality of wealth and income and comparisons with other nations' performance on openness of government, for example.

Generosity can be measured by tax-return claims for charitable gifts. Figures on attendance and participation at sporting and arts events will give an indication of the cultural state of the nation. Are we watching more sport and playing less, for example.

The Australian Bureau of Statistics had a project to measure things like this called Mapping Australia's Progress. Its aim was to find out if life is getting better in Australia by going beyond measuring mere economic performance.

Tragically, the project fell foul of the Abbott Government's budget cuts.

Such measurements are not totally reliable, of course. People misreport and the statistics can fall prey to sampling error.

But they do allow us to draw conclusions about what is probable or highly likely. They will allow us to challenge some of the statements Australian leaders make about us.

This Australia Day we will no doubt hear a lot about the compassionate, generous, tolerant society that believes in the fair go. But how compassionate and tolerant compared to the past and compared to the compassion and tolerance in other societies?

Will we be smugly celebrating a past mythology?

And come April 25 we will hear a lot about the courage, sacrifice and mateship that forged a nation as we commemorate (I hope not celebrate) the 100 th anniversary of the landing at Gallipoli by the Anzacs (under the British flag).

Having better measurements of national characteristics may enable us to have a better picture of ourselves and to counter what historian Geoffrey Serle called Anzackery.

The Federal Government is to spend $300 million next year (what Budget crisis) on Anzackery.

You do not get wholesome national characteristics by mere assertion, propaganda and celebration. They need to be tested.

Don't get me wrong, generosity, compassion, the fair go and courage are wholesome characteristics and worth celebrating.

I have often said that if you are born in Australia or get to become an Australian citizen you have won the lottery of life. But let's not assume it will go on forever without a bit of effort and frank self-assessment.

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The Australia Institute has asked all political parties contesting next week's Queensland election to subscribe to the Fitzgerald principles. The principles were crafted by corruption fighter Tony Fitzgerald.

They are:

Govern for the peace, welfare and good government of the state; Make all decisions and take all actions, including public appointments, in the public interest without regard to personal, party political or other immaterial considerations; Treat all people equally without permitting any person or corporation special access or influence; Promptly and accurately inform the public of its reasons for all significant or potentially controversial decisions and actions.

Labor, the Greens, Palmer United Party and Katter's Australian Party all committed. The Liberal National Party has so far failed to respond. Even Alan Jones supported the principles.

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