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Opportunity for 2 degrees lost

23 Mar, 2009 02:01 PM
Quietly in public, loudly in private, climate scientists everywhere are saying the same thing: it's over.

The years in which more than 2degrees of global warming could have been prevented have passed, the opportunities squandered by denial and delay.

On current trajectories we'll be lucky to get away with 4degrees.

Mitigation (limiting greenhouse gas pollution) has failed, now we must adapt to what nature sends our way. If we can.

This was the repeated whisper at the climate change conference in Copenhagen earlier this month.

It is more or less what Bob Watson, the environment department's chief scientific adviser, has been telling the British government.

It is the obvious, if unspoken, conclusion of scores of scientific papers.

Recent work by scientists at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, for instance, suggests that even global cuts of 3per cent a year, starting in 2020, could leave us with 4 degrees of warming by the end of the century.

At the moment, emissions are heading in the opposite direction at roughly the same rate.

If this continues, what does it mean? Six? Eight? Ten degrees? Who knows?

Faced with such figures, I can't blame anyone for throwing up their hands. But before you succumb to this fatalism, let me talk you through the options.

Yes, it is true mitigation has so far failed. Sabotaged by Bill Clinton, abandoned by George W. Bush, attended halfheartedly by the other rich nations, the global climate talks have so far been a total failure.

The targets they have set bear no relation to the science and are negated anyway by loopholes and false accounting.

Nations such as Britain, which is meeting its obligations under the Kyoto protocol, have succeeded only by outsourcing it's pollution to other countries.

And nations such as Canada, which is flouting its obligations, face no meaningful sanctions.

Lord Stern made it too easy, he appears to have underestimated the costs of mitigation.

As the professor of energy policy Dieter Helm has shown, Stern's assumption that our consumption can continue to grow while our emissions fall is implausible. To have any hope of making substantial cuts we have to reduce our consumption and transfer resources to countries such as China to pay for the switch to low carbon technologies.

As professor Helm says, ''there is not much in the study of human nature and indeed human biology to give support to the optimist''.

But we cannot abandon mitigation unless we have a better option, but we don't.

If you think our attempts to prevent emissions are futile, take a look at our efforts to adapt.

Germany is spending $US600million ($A871million) on a new sea wall for Hamburg and this money was committed before the news came through that sea-level rises this century could be two or three times as great as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has predicted.

The Netherlands will spend $3.19billion on dykes between now and 2015 and again, they are likely to be inadequate.

The UN suggests rich countries should be transferring between $72billion and $109billion per year to poor countries now, to help them cope with climate change.

But nothing like this is happening.

Rich nations have promised $26billion to help the poor nations adapt to climate change during the past seven years, but they have disbursed only 5per cent.

Oxfam has made a compelling case for how adaptation should be funded. Nations should pay according to the amount of carbon they produce per capita, coupled with their position on the human development index.

On this basis, the US should supply more than 40per cent of the money and the European Union over 30per cent, with Japan, Canada, Australia and Korea making up the balance. But what are the chances of getting them to cough up? There's a limit to what this money could buy anyway.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says that ''global mean temperature changes greater than 4degrees above 1990-2000 levels'' would ''exceed ... the adaptive capacity of many systems''.

At this point there's nothing you can do, for instance, to prevent the loss of ecosystems, the melting of glaciers and the disintegration of major ice sheets.

Elsewhere it spells out the consequences more starkly. Global food production, it says, is ''very likely to decrease above about 3degrees''. Buy your way out of that.

And it doesn't stop there. The IPCC also finds that, above 3degrees of warming, the world's vegetation will become ''a net source of carbon''.

This is just one of the climate feedbacks triggered by a high level of warming. Four degrees might take us inexorably to 5degrees or 6degrees, the end for humans of just about everything.

Until recently, scientists spoke of carbon concentrations and temperatures peaking and then falling back.

But a recent paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that ''climate change ... is largely irreversible for 1000 years after emissions stop''.

Even if we were to cut carbon emissions to zero today, by the year 3000 our contribution to atmospheric concentrations would decline by just 40per cent. High temperatures would remain more or less constant until then. If we produce it, we're stuck with it.

In the rich nations we will muddle through, for a few generations, and spend nearly everything we have on coping. But where the money is needed most there will be nothing.

The ecological debt the rich world owes to the poor will never be discharged, just as it has never accepted that it should offer reparations for the slave trade and for the pillage of gold, silver, rubber, sugar and all the other commodities taken without due payment.

Finding the political will for crash cuts in carbon production is improbable. But finding the political will when the disasters have already begun to spend adaptation money on poor nations rather than on ourselves will be impossible.

The world won't adapt and can't adapt, the only adaptive response to a global shortage of food is starvation.

Of the strategies it is mitigation, not adaptation, which turns out to be the most feasible option.

Yes, it might already be too late even if we reduced emissions to zero tomorrow to prevent more than 2degreesC of warming. But we cannot behave as if it is, for in doing so we make the prediction come true.

Tough as this fight may be, improbable as success might seem, we cannot afford to surrender. Guardian

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Date: Newest first | Oldest first
Whoever wrote this failed to notice that the planet has been cooling for 10 years. Also the sea level increase rate has slowed. Because the planet is cooling, the oceans are cooling. I hope the author understands that the oceans are a carbon sink, giving off C02 when they are warm and taking in carbon when they are cold. For the last few years, C02 levels have been dropping because of that reason. What is silly is that climate scientists know this. This is why only 52 scientists at the IPCC agree with the global warming theory versus thousands of climate scientists who do not including many of Australian scientists.
Posted by eveable, 24/03/2009 1:31:33 PM
Monbiot - you are forgetting the power of the ever-growing social movement to stop climate change. We are out there, shutting down coal fired power stations and airports, teaching our children about what a sustainable future will look like, and we are planting our own vegie gardens and growing our local communities. What is more, we have the support of the vast majority of the population on our side - if not their commitment to action, we do at least have the weight of opinion. What this all hinges on is whether or not we get powerful leadership from governments. If we get it - just imagine. People will be inspired to act, a new generation of self-sacrifice and efforts to endure the difficulties of change and transition, in order to reach a sustainable future. People's faith in democracy will be renewed. If we don't get that leadership, you can be assured that we will be taking government into our own hands. Just like Nelson Mandela and Umkonto We Sizwe, we will take our actions to the more serious level required, and fight the good fight, committing acts of sabotage and destruction until the fossil fuel empire is brought to its knees. We will reduce emissions by force if need be, to defend future generations, from all nations, against climate injustice. Governments get to decide which path we will take, by Copenhagen this year.
Posted by Rachel, 24/03/2009 6:42:14 PM
Rachel, Sounds like you are trying to destroy our way of life through anarchy. Fortunately, the majority are not on your side (contrary to your beliefs), and realize that all the hoopla is greatly exaggerated. Predicting temperature increases 1000% higher for the 21st c than the 20th based on short-term trends is just plain ludicrous. Not to mention that the uncertainty in the models exceeds the predictions by a factor of 2! Hopefully, cooler heads while prevail and realize that this whole scare was overplayed, and history will but note how foolish we were to think that we took manipulate the Earth's climate. Recent astrological and climatic events are beginning to shed some light on our foolishness, and many scientist are beginning to realize how little we actually know about the big picture. Data is beginning to refute much of the global warming rhetoric; temperatures are falling, CO2 concentrations are falling, sea level is stable, and polar bears are thriving. Remember, CO2 is not a pollutant, but essential for life on this planet.
Posted by Dan, 26/03/2009 1:38:40 AM
I think comments like Dan and Eveable just confirms the truth of Monbiot's article. Its the majority of the western world being simple minded, selfish and greedy - putting their hands over their ears and pretending there isn't a problem so they can continue their merry little lives and condemning the poor and the future generations to misery. Do your research then try and make the ‘climate sceptic’ argument stick. It wont.
Posted by proof, 26/03/2009 9:31:37 AM
I do not understand why every single on-line article on global warming attracts shrill and totally incorrect assertions from people who say "its not happening" or "the globe is cooling." Is it because Howard and Bush government deliberately obscured and denied the mounting stream of real evidence for 10 years? Have these people only just heard of the concept and are acting in the well-known first stages of responses to bad news... (denial/ anger/ bargaining/ depression/ acceptance)? Or is it something more sinister ? Like an organised discrediting campaign that rallies people to attack responsible scientists to protect vested interests. Just like they did with Charles Darwin and Rachel Carson. As to the quote given by "proof". It is wrong and un-referenced. Here's the truth: http://www.ipcc.ch/about/index.ht m The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been around since 1988. All it does is review every piece of climate science published and publish a summary. It is up to its 5th assessment report. The 4th report had 500 authors and 2,000 reviewers. All professional scientists, not in the business of exaggeration and hype. In fact, the early reports were very cautious and conservative, for fear of creating too much "hoopla" over a set of observations and predicitons. It is objective and presents its finding in a "policy neutral" way. Its is set up by the UN. It is not a conspiracy, or a business-funded group. Every report has found rising annual average temperatures, rising seal levels, loss of arctic summer ice, and predicted future loss of ecosystems, tropical forests, and in particular a drying trend for Australia. If you are just new to this issue, please, find out the real facts. My solution? Close comments threads on any article that gives a reasoned and sensible view on climate change in a reputable publication like the Canberra Times or the Guardian.
Posted by rebecca, 26/03/2009 7:47:22 PM

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