In a speech ahead of her first International Monetary Fund and World Bank Spring Meetings as Treasury Secretary, Yellen signalled stronger US engagement on issues from climate change to human rights to tax base erosion.

A global minimum tax proposed by US President Joe Biden's administration could help to end a "30-year race to the bottom on corporate tax rates," Yellen told an online event hosted by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs.

The global minimum tax is a key pillar of Biden's $US2 trillion ($A2.6 trillion) infrastructure spending plan, which calls for an increase in the US corporate tax rate to 28 per cent while eliminating some deductions associated with overseas profits .

Without a global minimum, the United States would again have higher rates than a number of other major economies, tax experts say, while the US proposal could help jump-start negotiations for a tax deal among major economies.

Yellen also said she would use the IMF and World Bank meetings this week to advance discussions on climate change, improve vaccine access for poor countries and push countries to do more to support a strong global recovery from the coronavirus pandemic.

"We will fare better if we work together and support each other," Yellen said.

The new Treasury chief said it was important to "end the pressures of tax competition" and make sure governments "have stable tax systems that raise sufficient revenues in essential public goods and respond to crises and that all citizens fairly share the burden of financing government".

Separately, a US Treasury official told reporters that it was important to have the world's major economies on board with a global minimum tax to make it effective but did not say how many countries were needed for this.

The official said the United States would use its own tax legislation to prevent companies from shifting profits or residency to tax haven countries and would encourage other major economies to do the same.

The Biden plan proposes a 21 per cent minimum corporate tax rate, coupled with eliminating exemptions on income from countries that do not enact a minimum tax.

The administration says the plan will discourage the shifting of jobs and profits overseas.

Yellen said in her remarks that while advanced economies had successfully supported their economies through the COVID-19 pandemic, it was too early to declare victory and more support was needed for low income countries to gain access to vaccines.

Australian Associated Press