In the wake of a shocking ABC report on the dismal end of many racehorses' lives in slaughterhouses, many Australians are questioning whether the horse racing industry can operate ethically.
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Some people will never agree that animals should be used for human entertainment. Others argue horse racing is ethical and has been so for decades.
However, as Hall of Fame thoroughbred trainer Lee Freedman tweeted, "If we don't make real changes the court of public opinion will bury racing".
As long as racehorses are treated as commodities, it will make a cruel sort of sense to get rid of "surplus" animals as cheaply as possible.
Australian community standards demand we treat horses as more than objects.
At an industry level, self-regulation has manifestly failed.
It's time we created a national registry to trace racehorses for their whole lives, including life beyond the racing industry.
While, no doubt, investigations will begin into allegations of animal cruelty or rule-breaking in the Queensland abattoir filmed, the industry cannot hide behind claims this represents a few bag eggs.
Despite rules from the national body Racing Australia, and being a member of the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA), Australia's racing rules are largely administered on a state-by-state basis, and different jurisdictions may have additional welfare requirements.
This makes introducing change and enforcing consistent, socially acceptable standards difficult.
Horse welfare should be paramount. This means a "whole of life" approach. Reducing the number of horses bred annually is, in isolation, not the answer. In 2007, 18,255 thoroughbred foals were born in Australia. In 2017 there were only 13,823 thoroughbred foals born. However, horses are still being sent to slaughterhouses.
Horse racing is a competitive industry. Some horses never win. Other horses will be injured or grow old. There will always be "too many" horses produced for racing and for the breeding part of the industry.
It should be a condition of sale that when a horse leaves the racing industry that it is purchased with a clause that permits follow-up inspection, regardless of state borders or whether the horse goes on to be a companion animal, show jumper, police mount, or any other situation. This is already the case in NSW and the ACT.
Owners and breeders need to plan for horses who one day may have little economic potential; they have as much right to welfare as any other creature.
Australia needs a national traceability register to track all racehorses, through and after their racing careers. All pregnancies should be recorded, and all foals registered and microchipped.
This will limit the potential for unregistered horses to be killed.
No registered racehorse should be sold through a "mixed sale" with cattle and other animals. No registered racehorse should be sent to or accepted at an abattoir.
It should be a condition of sale that when a horse leaves the racing industry that it is purchased with a clause that permits follow-up inspection, regardless of state borders or whether the horse goes on to be a companion animal, show jumper, police mount, or any other situation.
This is already the case in NSW and the ACT. Rules without enforcement are ineffectual. This may seem onerous, but the thoroughbred industry already assiduously monitors the registration of horses into the industry.
They check whether the foal came from registered thoroughbred parents, a natural conception (male and female copulating) and the foal being born from the womb of that same mare.
The industry should apply the same diligence to the end of career treatment of racehorses, and accept responsibility for humanely euthanising horses after all other options have been exhausted.
An ethical industry cannot operate by ignoring inconvenient truths.
The ABC report exposed some of these truths. Now it is necessary to make real changes to align horse racing with evolving social expectations of animal welfare.
Phil McManus is head of the School of Geosciences at the University of Sydney and has received funding from the Australian Research Council for thoroughbred-related research. This article was first published on The Conversation.
